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# 10 References

> Basic Investigations:

> > [1.1] N.H.L. Koster, S. Koßlowski, R. Bertenburg, S. Heinen, I. Wolff: „Investigation on Air Bridges Used for MMICs in CPW Technique“, 19th European Microwave Conf. Proc., pp.666-671, 1989
> > [1.2] M. Rittweger, M. Abdo, I. Wollf: „Three-dimensional finite difference time-domain analysis of complex coplanar discontinuities“, PIERS, pp. 308, Boston, July 1991
> > [1.3] M. Rittweger, N.H.L. Koster, S. Koßlowski, R. Bertenburg, S. Heinen, I. Wolff: „Full wave analysis of a modified coplanar air bridge T-junction, 21st EuMC Proceedings“, pp. 993-998, Stuttgart, Sept. 1991
> > [1.4] U. Mueller, M. Rittweger, A. Beyer: „Coplanar Short Considered by the TLM-Method with Symmetrical Condensed Notes“, 21th European Microwave Conv. Proc., pp 999-1003, Stuttgart, Sept. 1991
> > [1.5] Th. Becks, I. Wolff: „Investigations of various air-bridge structures within coplanar bends and T-junctions by a full-wave method“, PIERS Proceedings, pp.562, Pasadena 1993
> > [1.6] Th. Becks, I. Wolff: „Investigation on the Reduction of Package Densities in Coplanar Circuits“, IEEE MTT-S, pp. 869-872, 1993
> > [1.7] Th. Becks, I. Wolff: „Full-Wave Analysis of Various Coplanar Bends and T-Junctions with Respect to Different Types of Airbridges“, IEEE MTT-S, pp. 697-700, Atlanta 1993
> > [1.8] M. Rittweger, M. Werthen, R. Kulke, B. Hopf, P. Pogatzki, I. Wolff: „Miniaturization of MMIC Inductors Using a 3D FDTD Approach with a SI Method“, IEEE MTT-S, pp. 1297-1300, San Diego, May 1994
> > [1.9] R. Kulke, Th. Sporkmann, M. Werthen, I. Wolff: „Investigations on Various Coupling Effects in Coplanar Circuits“, PIERS (ESTEC), Noordwjik, July 1994

> Modeling of Coplanar Elements:

> > [2.1] M. Naghed, I. Wolff: „Equivalent Capacitances of Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities and Interdigitated Capacitors Using a Three-Dimensional Finite Difference Method“, IEEE-MTT Vol. 38, No. 12, pp. 1808-1815, Dec. 1990
> > [2.2] M. Naghed, I. Wolff: „A Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Calculation of Equivalent Capacitances of Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities“, IEEE MTT-S, pp. 1143-1145, 1990
> > [2.3] M. Naghed, I. Wolff: „Multiple Coupled Asymmetrical Coplanar Waveguides and their Application in Interdigitated Filters“, 20th European Microwave Conference, pp. 913-918, 1990
> > [2.4] M. Naghed, M. Rittweger, I. Wolff: „A New Method for the Calculation of the Equivalent Inductances of Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities“, IEEE MTT-S Digest, pp. 747-750, 1991
> > [2.5] J. Borkes, M. Naghed, I. Wolff: „Measurement and Analysis of Coplanar MMIC Four-Port Spiral Transformer“, 21th European Microwave Conv. Proc., pp 1023-1028, Stuttgart, Sept. 1991
> > [2.6] R. Kulke, Th. Sporkmann: „Coplanar Waveguide Elements for a European CAD Environment“, EMC, pp. 209-211, 1993
> > [2.7] Th. Becks, B. Hopf, D. Köther, R. Kulke, P. Pogatzki, M. Rittweger, Th. Sporkmann, M. Werthen, I. Wolff: „Activities on Coplanar Waveguide Structures and Circuits at the IMST“, IEE-Coloquium, 1993
> > [2.8] P. Pogatzki, O. Kramer: „A Coplanar Element Library for the Accurate CAD of (M)MICs“, Microwave Engineering Europe, pp. 41-46, Dec./Jan. 1994
> > [2.9] P. Pogatzki, R. Kulke, T. Sporkmann, D. Köther, R. Tempel, I. Wolff: „A Comprehensive Evaluation of Quasi-Static 3D-FD Calculations for more than 14 CPW Structures - Lines, Discontinuities and Lumped Elements“, IEEE MTT-S, Volume 2, pp. 1289-1292, San Diego, May 1994
> > [2.10] R. Kulke, P. Pogatzki, D. Köther, T. Sporkmann, I. Wolff: „Enhancement of Coplanar Capacitor Models and Verification up to 67 GHz for (M)MIC Circuit Design“, 24th EMC, pp. 258-262, Cannes 1994
> > [2.11] R. Kulke, Th. Sporkmann: „Coplanar Waveguide Modelling“, Research Reports ESPRIT (Project Group Microelectronics, Volume 1 by J.Mun and A.A.M'baye): Gallium Arsenide Technology in Europe, Springer Verlag, 1994, pp. 284-298
> > [2.12] R. Kulke, T. Sporkmann, D. Köther, I. Wolff, P. Pogatzki: „Coplanar Elements Support Circuit Design to 67 GHz“, Microwaves & RF (Series: Dec. 94, Jan.+Feb. 95), pp. 103-116, Dec. 1994, pp. 89-95, Jan. 1995 and pp. 112-117, Feb. 1995

> Applications and Circuit Design

> > [3.1] G. Kibuuka, R. Bertenburg, M. Naghed, I. Wolff: „Coplanar Lumped Elements and their Application in Filters on Ceramic and Gallium Arsenide Substrates“, 19th European Microwave Conf. Proc., pp. 656-661, 1989
> > [3.2] B. Hopf, I. Wolff, M. Guglielmi: „Coplanar MMIC Active Bandpass Filters Using Negative Resistance Circuits“, Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Circuits Symposium, pp. 229-231, San Diego, May 1994
> > [3.3] P. Pogatzki, D. Köther, R. Kulke, T. Sporkmann, I. Wolff: „Coplanar Hybrids based on an Enhanced Inductor Model for Mixer Applications up to 67 GHz“, 24th EMC, pp.254-257, Cannes 1994
> > [3.4] B. Hopf, S. Koßlowski, D. Köther, T. Sporkmann, I. Wolff: „Active CPW MMIC Circulators for the 40GHz Band“, 25th EMC, pp. 542-547, Cannes 1994
> > [3.5] Y. Kalayci, R. Tempel, B. Hopf, J.J. Borkes, R. Gründler, I. Wolff: „Miniaturizing of K-Band Coplanar MMIC-Amplifieres by using Lumped Elements“, 25th EMC, pp. 343-348, Cannes 1994
> > [3.6] D. Köther, B. Hopf, Th. Sporkmann, I. Wolff, St. Koßlowski: „New types of MMIC circulators“, IEEE MTT-S, pp. 877-880, Orlando 1995
> > [3.7] D. Köther, B. Hopf, Th. Sporkmann, I. Wolff: „MMIC Wilkinson Couplers for Frequencies up to 110 GHz“, IEEE MTT-S, pp. 663-666, Orlando 1995
> > [3.8] Y. Kalayci, R. Tempel, W. Lütke, M. Akpinar, I. Wolff: „A miniaturized Ka-band MMIC high-gain medium power amplifier in coplanar line technique by using a conventional 0.5mm MESFET technology“, IEEE MTT-S, pp. 1623-1626, Orlando 1995
> > [3.9] D. Köther, B. Hopf, Th. Sporkmann, I. Wolff, St. Koßlowski: „MMIC circulators covering the frequency range from L- to W-band“, 25th EMC, pp. 1186-1190, Bologna, 1995
> > [3.10] B. Hopf, I. Wolff: „Narrow band MMIC active filter using negative resistance circuits in coplanar line technique“, 25th EMC, pp. 1110-1112, Bologna, 1995
> > [3.11] R. Kulke, I. Wolff: „Passive Filter Design utilising a Comprehensive Coplanar Elements Library“, ESA Workshop on Advanced CAD for Filters and Passive MW Devices, ESA-ESTEC, Nordwijk, Proceedings pp. 475-481, 6.-8. November 1995
> > [3.12] M.J. Rosário, J. Bernardino, F. Fortes, R. Kulke, Th. Sporkmann, J.C. Freire: „Monolythic Single FET Mixers with Coplanar Technology to Convert between V and C Band“, MMWMC-Symposium Digest, San Francisco, pp. 93-96, June 1996
> > [3.13] R. Kulke, Th. Sporkmann, I. Wolff, M.J. Rosario, F. Fortes: „Active Coplanar Up-Converter for High Gain Applications“, MMWMC-Symposium Digest, San Francisco, pp. 201-204, June 1996
> > [3.14] R. Tempel, W. Lütke, J. Herrmann, I. Wolff: „MMICs for Sensor Applications“, MMWMC-Symposium Digest, San Francisco, pp. 209-212, June 1996
> > [3.15] R. Kulke, I. Wolff: „Design of Passive Coplanar Filters in V-Band“, IEEE MTT-Symposium, Digest 3 pp. 1647-1650, San Francisco, June 1996
> > [3.16] M. Naghed, B. Hopf, I. Wolff: „Field theoretical broadband modeling of coplanar lumped elements and their application in (M)MIC bandpass filters“, 26th EuMC, pp. 991-995, Prague, September 1997

> Mixer Applications

> > [4.1] M.C. Tsai, M.J. Schindler, W. Struble, M. Ventresca, R. Binder, R. Waterman, D. Danzilio: „ A Compact Wideband Balanced Mixer“, IEEE MTT-S, Volume 1, pp. 5-8, San Diego, May 1994
> > # MS-Mixer using active baluns: 6mm2, fRF=4-18GHz, fIF=1-2GHz, PLO=7dBm, PsHEMT
> > [4.2] W.R. Brinlee, M.P. Anthony, K.R. Varian: „A Novel Planar Double-Balanced 6-18 GHz MMIC Mixer“: IEEE MTT-S, Volume 1, pp. 9-12, San Diego, May 1994
> > # MS-Downconverter: 0.5mm MESFET, 3.23mm2, fIF=500MHz, PLO=15dBm, PRF=-10dBm, comparison of 4 6-18GHz mixers
> > [4.3] R. Reeves, V. Brady: „Monolithic Ka-Band FET Receiver Chips“, IEEE MTT-S, Volume 1, pp. 119-121, San Diego, May 1994
> > # MS-Diode and FET Mixers (MS): fLO=32.5GHz, fRF=34GHz (low noise < 4dB SSB NF, LO into drain), 0.25mm PMHFET
> > [4.4] V. Rizzoli, D. Masotti, F. Mastri: „Full Nonlinear Noise Analysis of Microwave Mixers“, IEEE MTT-S, Volume 2, pp. 961-964, San Diego, May 1994
> > [4.5] A. Chu, J.F. Devine, H.S. Babbit: „Miniature Low Cost DDS Single Sideband Upconverters-Packaging Options using Si and GaAs ICs“, IEEE MTT-S, Volume 2, pp. 1133-1136, San Diego, May 1994
> > [4.6] K.W. Kobayashi, R. Kasody, A.K. Oki, S. Dow, B. Allen, D.C. Streit: „K-band Bouble-balanced Mixer Using GaAs HBT THz Schottky Diods“, IEEE MTT-S, Volume 2, pp. 1163-1166, San Diego, May 1994
> > # MS Diode Mixer (HBT and HEMT): 5.5mm2, fIF=6-10GHz, PIF=-10dBm, fLO=12GHz, PLO=10dBm, fRF=18-22GHz
> > [4.7] M.M. Radmanesh, N.A. Barakat: „State of the Art S-Band Resistive FET Mixer Design“, IEEE MTT-S, Volume 3, pp. 1435-1438, San Diego, May 1994
> > # MESFET Mixer (MS with SMD): fRF=2.6GHz, fIF=300MHz, PLO=8dBm, Gc=9dB
> > [4.8] J.-M. Mourant, S. Jurgiel: „ A Broadband Planar Image Reject Mixer“, IEEE MTT-S, Volume 3, pp. 1637-1640, San Diego, May 1994
> > # Double balanced diode ring mixer: LO and RF band=6-18GHz, IF band=400-750MHz, Gc=8dB
> > [4.9] M. Ventresca, M.C. Tsai: „An Active PsHEMT Sub-Harmonically Pumped Mixer“, IEEE MTT-S, Volume 3, pp. 1641-1644, San Diego, May 1994
> > # MS-PsHEMT Mixer: 8-12GHz, 3-6GHz passive Balun, fLO=4.5GHz, fRF=10GHz, fIF=1GHz, Gc=5dB

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