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# Coplanar Bend C_BEND

### Symbol :

### Illustration :

### Parameters :

> C_LTYP1 = ID of coplanar transmission line applied at port 1
> C_LTYP2 = ID of coplanar transmission line applied at port 2
> C_BTYP1 = ID of airbridge applied at port 1
> C_BTYP2 = ID of airbridge applied at port 2
> C_SUB = ID of coplanar substrate definition
> C_GRID = ID of simulation control data
> TEMP = ID of element temperature definition used for noise computation

### Notes/Equations/References :

> 1. The C_BNED module represents a rectangular bend between two coplanar lines. The dimensions of lines are defined using data items addressed by C_ LTYP1 and C_TYP2. The dimensions of the air-bridges at ports are defined in data items addressed by C_BTYP1 and C_BTYP2.
> 2. If the line types defined by C_LTYP1 and C_LTYP2 have different center line levels (CEN_MET) an inter metal via is automatically included in the bend structure (see Layout).
> 3. For a bend without air-bridges, the applied line types must have the same center level CEN_MET.
> 4. The keyword TYPE of the selected C_BTYP controls if the structure contains bridges or not. Normally bridges are necessary to suppress odd mode excitation. Note that due to the applied air bridge additional feed lines with a length L defined in the selected C_BTYP are connected to the bend structure. This additional feed lines connect the reference planes with bridges (see Illustration). There is no line between bridges and bend structure itself .
> 5. The keyword TYPE of the bridge applied at a port and the center line level CEN_MET of the line type applied on the same port can not have the same value.
> 6. If the keyword TYPE in one of the C_BTYPs is set to -1, the TYPE of the other C_BTYP has to be also -1.
> 7. Both C_BTYP must have the same DIE_IDX.
> 8. If the Keyword TYPE in one of the C_BTYP data items is set to 0 and the parameter BG and BW are nonzero values, these parameter will not set automatically to zero. This means that the total size of the discontinuity is not changed if only the TYPE is set to zero (see Layout).
> 9. If L1 and L2 in selected C_GRID are not set to -1 (auto sizing), the minimum values for L1 and L2 are:
>    L1min= W1+2*S1+2*max(GW1, BW2+BG2+4*DL{C_GRID})
>    L2min= W2+2*S2+2*max(GW2, BW1+BG1+4*DL{C_GRID})
> 10. See notations in chapter 4 (Important Note!) for the correct selection of the C_LTYP and C_BTYP.

### Equivalent Circuit :

> For the modeling of the C_BEND element, a p-network is used. The equivalent circuit parameters are derived from quasi-static FD-calculations. The losses (metal losses as well as dielectric losses due to the dielectric layer used for the bridge) within the bend itself are also taken into account. The connected line at ports are modeled as C_LIN elements and are represented by their characteristic impedance ZL and phase constant b. There is no limitation due to the length of connected lines (L in selected C_BTYPs).

### Layout :

> 1. For C_BEND, different combination of bridge types at ports are possible. If the applied line types have different center line levels (CEN_MET) an inter metal via is automatically included in the bend structure.
> 2. For a bend without air-bridges, the applied line types must have the same center level CEN_MET
> 3. In the current version, no dielectric layer in bridge region is drawn.
> 4. If the parameter GW_DEF in C_PROCES is set to a positive non-zero value, this value is used as ground width for layout generation.

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