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# 2.7 Losses

> Under assumption of low losses, equivalent resistances and conductances are used for the modeling of metallic and dielectric losses respectively. The surface current distribution calculated form the magnetic field is utilized for the determination of the metallic losses. DC resistance as well as frequency dependent RF-losses due to the skin effect are taken into account.
> From the comparison of the capacitance with and without the dielectric substrate the electrical field energy inside the substrate can be obtained. Using this quantity and using the loss tangent of the substrate, dielectric losses are determined.

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